GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris
GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris - Hallo sahabat KUMPULAN TUGAS SMA, Pada Artikel yang anda baca kali ini dengan judul GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris , kami telah mempersiapkan artikel ini dengan baik untuk anda baca dan ambil informasi didalamnya. mudah-mudahan isi postingan
Artikel BAHASA INGGRIS, yang kami tulis ini dapat anda pahami. baiklah, selamat membaca.
Judul : GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris
link : GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris
Text organization report:
Language features :
Generic Structure Narrative:
Social function explanation:
To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
Definition and Social Function of Anecdote
Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers. Tujuan komunikatif anecdote text adalah untuk menceritakan kejadian pada masa lampau yang bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca atau pendengar dengan cerita yang tidak lazim atau yang dapat membuat orang tertawa.
Generic Structure of Anecdote
1. Abstract
Language Feature of Anecdote
1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense
It is bit difficult to find out some examples of anecdote text. Most texts available over the Internet which are labeled as anecdote just referring to funny story. Meanwhile, in term of text type or text genres, anecdote text is separated to spoof which has main element of funny thing. Actually the point of anecdote is the CODA (hikma), what do the participants learn from the series of event in the story. The following text is good example of anecdote. Take a look!
Snake in the Bathroom
How would you like to find a snake in you bath?
We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided that we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.
Suddenly to my horror, a snake's head appeared in the plug hole. Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.
For an instant I stood there quite paralyzed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom.
Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she'd probably have lean over the bath to get a better look.
We found out later that it was a black mamba, a poisonous kind of snake. It had obviously been fast asleep, curled up at the bottom of the nice warm water-pipe. It must have had an awful shock when the cold water came trickling down! But nothing to the shock I got! Ever since then I've always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.
Anda sekarang membaca artikel GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris dengan alamat link https://zorrd.blogspot.com/2016/06/genre-text-bahasa-inggris-lengkap.html
Judul : GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris
link : GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris
GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris
Slamat datang kembali sahabat zorrd, kali ini saya akan berbagi tugas sma yang sering dicari yaitu genre text. gak usah lama" karna sudah saya siapin bahanya. langsung cekidotttt..
Nama: Fadly Fauzan Azadly
NO/Kelas : XII MIA 1/10
1. RECOUNT
Tujuan
komunikatif:
To tell events for the purpose of informing or
entertaining (Melaporkan
peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur).
Struktur
teks (Generic Structure) :
Generic Structure :
1 . Orientation: sama dengan orientasi pada teks narrative, penulis recount dalam memulai paragraf juga perlu memperkenalkan participant (pelaku cerita), kemudian setting of place, dan juga setting of time.
1 . Orientation: sama dengan orientasi pada teks narrative, penulis recount dalam memulai paragraf juga perlu memperkenalkan participant (pelaku cerita), kemudian setting of place, dan juga setting of time.
2. Events: peristiwa apa saja yang
dialami oleh pelaku cerita dalam teks recount. Berbagai peristiwa yang
disampaikan biasanya diurut berdasarkan kronologi waktu terjadnya atau sifat
pentinngya peristiwa tersebut.
3. Reorientation: pernyataan akhir
penulis tehadap pengalaman yang telah dilakukan. Biasany berupa kesan atau
impression
Contoh:
Holiday
Last
week I and my family went to Pangandaran beach for having holiday.
Arived
there, we looked for a hotel. Afteer that I visited spill market to buy swiming
dress. Then I went to the beach for swimming and surving. The next day, I
visited the souvenir shop. There were many kinds of souvenir. I bought some
souvenirs there. Meanwhile my parents and my sister were looking for beach
dress at the market. Finally, we went home and we had the holiday.
2. REPORT
Social function report:
To describe the way things are (for example: a man -made thing, animals, plants). The things must be a representative of their class. (Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis)
To describe the way things are (for example: a man -made thing, animals, plants). The things must be a representative of their class. (Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis)
Text organization report:
1.
General classification
(introduces the topic of the report/tells what phenomenon under discussion is.)
yang dimaksud dengan “Pengelompokan
Umum” adalah cara penulis mengidentifikasi objek tulisannya secara umum. Apa
yang sedang dibahas dalam tulisan tersebut tidaklah kasuistik, alias berlaku
dimana saja asal masih dalam klasifikasi atau kelompok yang sedang dibahas itu.
2.
Description (tell the
details of topic such as physical appearance, parts, qualities,
habits/behaviour). Penggambaran
dalam tulisan tentang objek yang sedang dibicarakan. Biasanya meliputi hal-hal
yang membedakan dangan klisifikasi atau kelompok lainnya, misalnya habitat,
sifat, fungsi dan lainnya.
Language
features report:
·
Use of general nouns (
Whales, Kangaroo, Computer)
·
Use of present tense(Komodo
dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)
·
Use of behavioural verbs
(Snakes often sunbathe in the sun)
·
Use of technical terms (
Water contains oxygen and hydrogen)
·
Use of relating verbs (is,
are, has)
Contoh:
Whales
General
Classification
Whales are sea-living
mammals
Description: (behaviours,
qualities, parts)
They therefore
breathe air but cannot survive on land. Some species are very
large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30m
in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth. Superficially, the
whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important
differences in its external structure: its tail consists
ofa pair of broad, flat, horizontal paddles (the tail of a
fish is vertical) and it hasa
single nostril on top of its large, broad head. The skin is smooth
and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat (blubber).
This is up to 30 cm in thickness and serves to conserve heat
and body fluids.
3. PROCEDURE
Social
function Procedure:
To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions. (memberikan petunjuk tentang cara melakukan sesuatu melalui tindakan-tindakan atau langkah-langkah yang urut)
Text organization:
1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction). Apa tujuan dari ditulisnya teks itu. Biasanya “Aim” dalam teks procedure sudah terlihat pada judul
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions). Bahan-bahan apa saja yang dibutuhkan. Pada paragraf ini penulis teks procedure perlu memberikan daftar bahan dan peralatan agar tujuannya tercapai. Pada jenis teks procedure tententu, tahap ini bersifat optional, bisa ada atau tidak.
3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose). langkah-langkah yang perlu dilakkukan dijelasakn secara rinci dan berurutan. Karena ini adalah procedure dan bersifat teknis, maka urutan langkah-langka tersebut sangat penting dan tidak boeleh tertukar. Makanya diawali dengan kata squence of time seperti first, second, third dan lainnya.
To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions. (memberikan petunjuk tentang cara melakukan sesuatu melalui tindakan-tindakan atau langkah-langkah yang urut)
Text organization:
1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction). Apa tujuan dari ditulisnya teks itu. Biasanya “Aim” dalam teks procedure sudah terlihat pada judul
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions). Bahan-bahan apa saja yang dibutuhkan. Pada paragraf ini penulis teks procedure perlu memberikan daftar bahan dan peralatan agar tujuannya tercapai. Pada jenis teks procedure tententu, tahap ini bersifat optional, bisa ada atau tidak.
3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose). langkah-langkah yang perlu dilakkukan dijelasakn secara rinci dan berurutan. Karena ini adalah procedure dan bersifat teknis, maka urutan langkah-langka tersebut sangat penting dan tidak boeleh tertukar. Makanya diawali dengan kata squence of time seperti first, second, third dan lainnya.
Language features :
·
Use of imperative (
Cut…….., Don’t mix……..)
·
Use of action verbs (turn,
put)
·
Use of connectives(first,
then, finally)
Contoh:
The Hole Game
Materials
needed
Two
players
One
marble per person
A
hole in ground
A
line (distance) to start from
Method
(step 1-n)
1. First you must
dub (click marbles together).
2.
Then you must check that the marbles are in good
condition and are nearly worth the same value.
3.
Next you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a
line a fair distance away from the hole.
4.
The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards
the hole.
5. Then the
second player tries to throw his or her marble closer to
the hole than his or her opponent.
6.
The player whose marble is closest to the
hole tries to flick his or her marble into the hole. If
successful, this player tries to flick his or her
opponent’s marble into the hole.
The
person flicking the last marble into the hole wins and gets
to keep both marbles.
4. NARRATIVE
Social
function narrative:
To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experience in different ways. Narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem. (Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal.)
To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experience in different ways. Narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem. (Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal.)
Generic Structure Narrative:
- Orientation
( who was involved, when and where was it happened). orientasi adalah pengenalan. Pengenalan yang perlu disampaikan
kepada pembaca oleh penulis tentang apa cerita selanjutnya. Orientation
biasanya berisi 3 informasi utama yaitu pelaku cerita, tempat terjadinya
cerita dan waktu kapan cerita itu terjadi.
- Complication
( a problem arises and followed by other problems). diartikan lebih sederhana, complication adalah pertentangan,
masalah, atau conflict yang dihadapi oleh para pelaku cerita. Dalam kajian
literture, conflict ini biasanya dibedakan menjadi 3 macam pula yaitu,
natural, social dan psychological conflict.
- Resolution
( provide solution to the problem). resolusi adalah
cara mengakhiri sebuah cerita. Penulis memilih bagaimana para pelaku
cerita tersebut menyelesaikan pertentangannya. Resolusi ada yang happy
ending ada pula yang sad ending.
- Coda.
Ketika cerita itu berakhir, penulis
perlu memberikan hikma atau pelajaran yang bisa diambil setelah membaca
cerita narrative tersebut. Inilah yang sering disebut sebagai nilai moral
cerita narative.
Language
features Narrative:
·
Use of noun phrases ( a beautiful
princess, a huge temple)
·
Use of adverbial phrases of
time and place ( in the garden, two days ago)
·
Use of simple past tense (
He walked away from the village)
·
Use of action verbs (
walked, slept)
·
Use of adjectives phrases (
long black hair)
Contoh:
Snow White
Orientation
Once
upon a time there lived a
little girl named Snow White. She lived withher Aunt
and Uncle because her parents were dead.
Major
Complication
One
day she heard her
Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because
they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t
have enough money to take Snow White.
Resolution
Snow
White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this
so she decided it would be best if
she ran away. The next morning she ran
away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast.
She ran away into the woods.
Complication
She was very
tired and hungry.
Resolution
Then she saw this
little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so
she wentinside and fell asleep.
Complication
Meanwhile, the
seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside.
There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow
White woke up. She sawthe dwarfs. The dwarfs said,
what is your name? Snow White said, ‘My
name isSnow White’.
Major
Resolution
Doc said, ‘If
you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow
White said, ‘Oh could I? Thank you.’ Then Snow
White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow
White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever
after.
5. NEWS ITEM
Social
function news item:
To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Memberitakan kepada pembaca, pendengar/penonton tentang peristiwa-peristiwa atau kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan.
Generic structure news item:
To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Memberitakan kepada pembaca, pendengar/penonton tentang peristiwa-peristiwa atau kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan.
Generic structure news item:
- News
worthy event ( tells the event in a summary form). Berita inti berupa kejadian utama yang menjadi bahan tulisan.
Sederhananya ada peristiwa apa, dimana, dan kapan terjadinya.
- Background
events ( elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident). rentetan peristiwa lain yang melatarbelakangi peristiwa utama
terjadi. Peristiwa lain yang membrikan pengaruh sehingga peristiwa utama
terjadi.
- Sources
( comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in
the event). penyataan sumber berita. Bisa berupa
komentar pelaku, saksi, dan juga pihak yang dianggap berwenang
Language
features news item:
·
Information on the use of
head lines.
·
Use of action verbs( hit,
attack)
·
Use of saying verbs( said,
added, claimed)
·
Use of passive sentences (
Aceh was hit by Tsunami in 2004)
·
Use of adverbs in passive
sentences (The victims were badly injured)
Contoh:
Town ‘Contaminated’
Newsworthy
Event
Moscow
-A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet
nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an
entire town.
Background
Events
Yelena
Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the
explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base ofshkotovo – 22 near
Vladivostock.
The
accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chemobyl
disaster, spreadradioactive fall-out over the base and
i.earby town. but was covered up by officials of the then Soviet
Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the
Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a
nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more
than 600 tonnes of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
6. DESCRIPTIVE
Social
Function descriptive:
To describe a particular person, place or thing. memberikan informasi mengenai ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu.
Generic Structure descriptive:
To describe a particular person, place or thing. memberikan informasi mengenai ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu.
Generic Structure descriptive:
- Identification (identify phenomenon to
be described). yang
dimaksud dengan “indentifikasi” adalah cara penulis mengidentifikasi objek
tulisannya secara umum. Apa yang sedang dibahas dalam tulisan tersebut
tidaklah kasuistik, alias berlaku dimana saja asal masih dalam klasifikasi
atau kelompok yang sedang dibahas itu.
- Description
(describe parts, qualities, characteristics). Penggambaran dalam tulisan tentang objek yang sedang dibicarakan.
Biasanya meliputi hal-hal yang membedakan dangan klisifikasi atau kelompok
lainnya, misalnya habitat, sifat, fungsi dan lainnya.
Language
features descriptive:
·
Focus on specific
participants
·
Use of attributive and identifying
processes
·
Frequent use classifiers in
nominal groups.
·
Use of the Simple Present
Tense
Contoh:
Natural Bridge National Park
Identification
Natural
Bridge National Park is a luscious tropical
rainforest.
Description
It is
located 110 kilometres south of Brisbane and is reached by following the
Pacific Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the
Numinbah Valley. This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of
the Lamington National Park.
The
phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch* and the cave through which
a waterfall cascades is a
short 1 kilometre walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the main
picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools. Night-time
visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the
glow worms.
Picnic areas offer toilets,
barbecues, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces; however, overnight camping is
not permitted.
7. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social
function analytical exposition:
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain. Mencoba meyakinkan pembaca bahwa topik yang dihadirkan adalah topik yang penitng untuk dibahas atau metndapat perhatian dengan cara pemberian argumen atau pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok atau topik tersebut. Di dalam Analytical Exposition Text tidak hanya mengandung satu argumen, namun dapat berisi beberapa argumen yang memiliki tujuan sama.
Generic Structure analytical exposition:
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain. Mencoba meyakinkan pembaca bahwa topik yang dihadirkan adalah topik yang penitng untuk dibahas atau metndapat perhatian dengan cara pemberian argumen atau pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok atau topik tersebut. Di dalam Analytical Exposition Text tidak hanya mengandung satu argumen, namun dapat berisi beberapa argumen yang memiliki tujuan sama.
Generic Structure analytical exposition:
- Thesis
(usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates
the writer’s position). peragraf yang
berisi pernyataan penulis terhadap hal yang sedang dibicarakan.
- Arguments
(consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may
vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence). argumentasi yang mendukung posisi penulis sebagaimana telah
dinyatakn dalam thesis pada pargraf sebelumnya.
- Reiteration
(restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments
presented). pernyataan kembali penulis tehadap
posisinya dihadapan hal yang sedang dibicarakan. Kadang sifatnya hanya
kesimpulan dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi.
Language
features analytical exposition:
·
Emotive words such as :
alarmed, worried.
·
Words that qualify
statements such as: usual probably
·
Words that link arguments such
as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore.
·
Usually present tense
·
Compound and complex
sentences
Contoh:
The Importance of English
Thesis { I
personally think that English is the world’s most important language. Why do I
say that?
Argument
1 { Firstly, English is an international language. It
is spoken by many people all around the world, either as a first or second
language.
Argument
2 { Secondly, English is also the key which opens
doors to scientific and technical knowledge, which is needed for the economic
and political development of many countries in the world.
Argument
3 { Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those
seeking jobs. Applicants who master either active or passive English are more
favorable than those who do not.
Conclusion {
From the fact above, it is obvious that everybody needs to learn English to
greet the global era.
8. HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social
function hortatory exposition:
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case. Berbeda dengan Analytical Exposition Text yang tujuan komunikatifnya memaparkan dan memengaruhi pembaca bahwa kejadian yang di ceritakan itu penting, pada Hortatory Expostion Text tujuan kommunikatifnya adalah memaparkan dan memengaruhi pembaca bahwa seharusnya demikian dan seharusnya tidak demikian.
Generic structure hortatory exposition:
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case. Berbeda dengan Analytical Exposition Text yang tujuan komunikatifnya memaparkan dan memengaruhi pembaca bahwa kejadian yang di ceritakan itu penting, pada Hortatory Expostion Text tujuan kommunikatifnya adalah memaparkan dan memengaruhi pembaca bahwa seharusnya demikian dan seharusnya tidak demikian.
Generic structure hortatory exposition:
- Thesis
( stating an issue of concern). Thesis berisi
tentang pengenalan ide pokok penulis tentang suatu gejala atau kejadian
yang akan diangkat atau dibahas.
- Arguments
( giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation). Thesis berisi tentang pengenalan ide pokok penulis tentang suatu
gejala atau kejadian yang akan diangkat atau dibahas.
- Recommendation
(stating what ought or ought not to happen). Recommendation berisi tentang rekomendasi atau ajakan penulis
terhadap pembaca.
Language
features hortatory exposition:
·
Emotive words: alarmed,
worried
·
Words that qualify
statements: usual probably
·
Words that link arguments:
firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
·
Usually present tense
·
Compound and complex
sentences
·
Modal auxiliary: can, may,
should, must
Contoh:
Corruption
Thesis
(Announcement of issue concern)
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
Argument 1
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials.
Argument 2
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
Adapted from: The Jakarta Post, February 2005
(Announcement of issue concern)
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
Argument 1
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials.
Argument 2
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
Adapted from: The Jakarta Post, February 2005
9. EXPLANATION
Social function explanation:
To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
Tujuan
komunikatif dari explanation text adalah untuk menerangkan proses-proses yang
terjadi dalam pembentukan sesuatu yang terkait dengan fenomena-fenomena alam,
sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan
bagaimana atau mengapa hal tersebut bisa terjadi.
Generic structure explanation:
Generic structure explanation:
- A
general statement to position the reader. tentang penjelasan umum tentang fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa
berupa pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau penjelasannya.
- A
sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs. berisi tentang penjelasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa
terjadi atau tercipta. A squenced of explanation berupa jawaban dari
pertanyaan ‘why’ dan ‘how’ penulis ketika membuat sebuah Explanation text.
Dalam squenced of explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragrap.
- Closing.
Sebenarnya closing itu tidak
tercantum dalam generic structure dari Explanation text, tetapi kebanyakan
orang beranggapan bahwa paragrap terakhir dari sebuah Explanation text
adalah closing, padahal itu merupakan bagian dari squenced of explantaion
yang berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian squenced of
explanation.
Language
features explanation:
·
Focus on generic, non-human
participants.
·
Use mainly of general and
abstract nouns, action verbs, simple present tense, passive voice, conjunction
of time and cause, noun phrases, complex sentences, and technical language.
Contoh:
A brief Summary of Speech Production
General
Statement to Position the Reader
Speech
production is made possible by the
specialised movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves.
Explanation
Like
all sound production, speech production requires a
source of energy.The source of energy for speech production is the
steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale. When we
breathe normally, the air streamis inaudible. To become
audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The
vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate.
Explanation
As
we talk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping
up the steady air stream into a series of puffs. These
puffs are heard as a buzz. But this buzz isstill not speech.
Explanation
To
produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must
change shape. Duringspeech we continually alter the
shape of the vocal track by moving the tongueand lips,etc. These
movements change the acoustic properties of the vocal
tract, which in turn produce the different sounds
of speech.
10. DISCUSSION
Social
function discussion:
To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (“for” points “against” points). Tujuan komunikatif dari Discussion Text itu sendiri adalah untuk mengetengahkan suatu masalah atau isu yang ditinjau paling tidak dari dua sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.
Generic structure discussion:
To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (“for” points “against” points). Tujuan komunikatif dari Discussion Text itu sendiri adalah untuk mengetengahkan suatu masalah atau isu yang ditinjau paling tidak dari dua sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.
Generic structure discussion:
- Opening
statement presenting the issue. Menerangkan adanya
isu yang sedang diperdebatakan. Biasanya hal-hal yang gampang sekali
menimbulkan pro dan kontra, pendapat setuju dan sebaliknya.
- Arguments
or evidence for different points of view ( pros and cons). pernyataan yang mendukung issu dan juga pernytaan yang tidak
mendukung. Dua alat bukti ini perlu disampaika secara berimbang untuk bisa
mengambil keutusan.
3. Concluding
recommendation.
Atau
1.
Issue
Issue terletak di
paragraf pertama yang berisi penempatan masalah atau isu yang akan
didiskusikan.
2.
Supporting Points
Dalam bagian ini,
penulis menghadirkan pendapat yang mendukung isu. Di setiap paragraf Supporting
Point terdiri dari dua komponen diantaranya adalah ide pokok paragraf dan
elaborasi atau uraian dari ide pokok paragraf tersebut.
3.
Contrasting Points
Dalam bagian ini,
penulis menghadirkan pendapat yang menentang isu atau permasalahan. Seperti
dalam paragraf Spportin Point, Contrasting Points juga menghadirkan dua
komponen pembentuk yaitu ide pokok paragraf dan elaborasi atau uraian ari ide
pokok paragraf tersebut.
4.
Conclunlusion or Recomendation
Dalam bagian ini
penulis menghadirkan kesimpulan atau bisa juga rekomendasikan dari isu atau
permasalahan yang telah didiskusikan di atas.
Language
features discussion:
·
Use of general nouns:
alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc.
·
Use of relating verbs: is,
are, etc.
·
Use of thinking verbs:
think, feel, hope believe, etc.
·
Use of additive
connectives: addition, furthermore, besides, etc.
·
Use of contrastive
connectives: although, even, if, nevertheless, etc.
·
Use of causal connectives: because,
because of, etc.
·
Use of modal auxiliary:
must, should, etc.
·
Use of adverbial manner:
hopefully.
Contoh
1:
Gene Splicing
Issue
Genetic
research has produced both exciting
and frightening possibilities.Scientists are now able
to create new forms of life in the laboratory due
to the development of gene splicing.
Arguments
for
Point
On
the one hand, the ability to create life in the
laboratory could greatly benefitmankind.
Elaboration
For
example, because it is very expensive to
obtain insulin from natural sources, scientists have
developed a method to manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory.
Point
Another
beneficial application of gene splicing is in a agriculture.
Elaboration
Scientists foresee
the day when new plants will be developed using nitrogen from
the air instead of from fertilizer. Therefore food production could
be increased. In addition, entirely new plants could
be developed to feed the world’s hungry people.
Argument
against
Point
Not everyone is excited
about gene splicing, however. Some people feel that
it could have terrible consequences.
Elaboration
A
laboratory accident, for example, might cause an epidemic of
an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity.
Conclusion
As a
result of this controversy, the
government has made rules to controlgenetic experiments. While some
members of the scientific community feelthat these rules are too
strict, many other people feel that they are still
not strict enough.\
Contoh
2:
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear
Power
Nuclear
power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of
the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder
Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some
military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear
power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge
amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil
fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
·
It costs about the same
coal, so it is not expansive to make.
·
It does not produce smoke
or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
·
It produces huge amounts of
energy from small amount of uranium.
·
It produces small amount of
waste.
·
It is reliable.
On
the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and
buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore,
although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it
does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
People
are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was
the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
11. REVIEW
Social
function review:
To critique an art work or event for a public audience. (melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni ataupun lainnya untuk khalayak umum).
Generic structure review:
To critique an art work or event for a public audience. (melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni ataupun lainnya untuk khalayak umum).
Generic structure review:
- Orientation
( background information on the text). Bagian ini berisikan gambaran umum tentang sebuah karya atau
benda yang akan ditinjau. Gambaran umum tentang karya atau benda tersebut
dapat berupa nama, kegunaan dan sebagainya.
- Evaluation
( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation. It can
consist of more than one). Bagian evaluation
ini memberikan gambaran yang lebih mendetail terhadap suatu karya atau
benda yang akan direview. Gambaran tersebut dapat berupa bagian-bagiannya,
keunikan ataupun kualitasnya. Pada bagian ini hindari memberikan terlalu
banyak deskripsi mengenai karya atau benda tersebut, untuk menjauhkan
kesan ‘mengajarkan’ pembaca. Istilah yang digunakan dalam struktur umum
yang kedua ini adalah tidak jauh dari kata ‘baik’ atau ‘tidak’ karya atau
benda tersebut.
- Interpretative
Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot). Bagian ini menjelaskan pandangan dari penulis mengenai karya atau
benda yang direviewnya. Bagian interpretation dilakukan setelah melakukan
evaluasi yang cukup terhadap karya atau benda tersebut. Tidak jarang,
penulis akan membandingkannya dengan karya atau benda yang mirip. Hal ini
dilakukan untuk mendukung dan memperkuat pandangan penulis.
- Evaluative
summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of
the art works being criticized. Penulis
memberikan kesimpulan pada bagian terakhir dari Review text yang
menjelaskan apakah karya atau benda yang direviewnya berharga atau tidak
kepada pembaca.
Language
features review:
·
Focus on specific
participants
·
Use of adjectives
·
Use of long and complex
clauses
·
Use of metaphor
·
Reviews are used to summarize,
analyze and respond to art works. They may include: movie, TV shows, books,
plays, concerts, etc.
Contoh
1:
Private Lives Sparkle
Orientation
Since
the first production of’Private Lives’ in 1930, with the theatre’s two leadingsophisticates Noel
Coward and Gertrude Lawrence in the leads, the
play has tended to be seen as a vehicle for stars.
Evaluation
QUT
Academy of the Arts’ production boasted no ‘stars’, but certainly fielded
potential stars in a sparkling performance that brought out
just how fine a pieceof craftsmanship Coward’s play is.
Evaluation
More
than 60 years later, what new could be deduced from so familiar a theme?
Director
Rod Wissler’s highly perceptive approach
went beyond the glitterysurface of Witty banter to
the darker implications beneath.
Interpretative
Recount
With
the shifting of attitudes to social values, it became clear that Victor andSibyl were
potentially the more admirable of the couples, with standards
better adjusted than the volatile and self-indulgent Elyot and Amanda.
Evaluation
The wit was
there, dexterously ping-ponged to and fro by a vibrant Amanda
(Catherine Jones) and a suave Elyot (Daniel Kealy).
Evaluation
Julie Eckersley’s Sibyl
was a delightful creation, and Phillip Cameron-Smith’smore serious playing w&sjust
right for Victor. Jodie Levesconte was asuperb French
maid. James Maclean’s set captured the Thirties atmosphere
with many subtle touches.
Evaluative
Summation
All
involved deserve the highest praise.
Contoh
2:
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear
Power
Nuclear
power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of
the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder
Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some
military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear
power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge
amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil
fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
·
It costs about the same
coal, so it is not expansive to make.
·
It does not produce smoke
or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
·
It produces huge amounts of
energy from small amount of uranium.
·
It produces small amount of
waste.
·
It is reliable.
On
the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and
buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore,
although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it
does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
People
are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was
the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
12. SPOOF
Social function:
To tell an event with a humorous twist. Tujuan
komunikatif dari jenis teks ini adalah untuk menghibur pembaca atau mendengar
dari cerita tersebut.
Generic structure:
1. Orientation (who were involved, when and
where was happened). Seperti halnya jenis teks narasi
lainnya, spoof text juga diawali dengan orientation yaitu bagian dimana penulis
memulai untuk memperkenalkan cerita dengan pengenalan tokoh, latar, dll.
2. Events ( tell what happened in a
chronological order). Pada bagian ini penulis menceritakan
kejadian yang masih dalam kejadian wajar.
3.
Twist (provide the funniest part of the story). Twist
merupakan bagian teks yang menceritakan kebalikan dari kejadian wajar di bagian
events. Twist merupakan bagian akhir dari spoof text yang menceritakan kejadian
akhir lucu dan tidak disangka-sangka sebelumnya.
Language features:
-Use
of connectives (first, then, finally)
-Use
of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago)
-Use
of simple past tense (he walked away from the village)
Contoh:
The Blonde and the Lawyer
A
blonde and a lawyer are seated next to each other on a flight from LA to NY.
The lawyer asks if she would like to play a fun game.
The
blonde, tired, just wants to take a nap, politely declines and rolls over to
the window to catch a few winks.
The
lawyer persists and explains that the game is easy and a lot of fun.
He
explains, “I ask you a question, and if you don’t know the answer, you pay me
$5.00, and vise versa.”
Again,
she declines and tries to get some sleep. The lawyer, now agitated, says,
“Okay, if you don’t know the answer you pay me $5.00, and if I don’t know the
answer, I will pay you $500.00.”
This
catches the blonde’s attention and, figuring there will be no end to this
torment unless she plays, agrees to the game. The lawyer asks the first
question. “What’s the distance from the earth to the moon?” The blonde doesn’t
say a word, reaches into her purse, pulls out a $5.00 bill and hands it to the
lawyer. “Okay” says the lawyer, “your turn.”
She
asks the lawyer, “What goes up a hill with three legs and comes down with four
legs?” The lawyer, puzzled, takes out his laptop computer and searches all his
references, no answer. He taps into the air phone with his modem and searches
the net and the library of congress, no answer. Frustrated, he sends e-mails to
all his friends and coworkers, to no avail. After an hour, he wakes the blonde,
and hands her $500.00.
The
blonde says, “Thank you”, and turns back to get some more sleep.
The
lawyer, who is more than a little miffed, wakes the blonde and asks, “Well,
what’s the answer?” Without a word, the blonde reaches into her purse, hands
the lawyer $5.00, and goes back to sleep.
13. Anecdote Text
Definition and Social Function of Anecdote
Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers. Tujuan komunikatif anecdote text adalah untuk menceritakan kejadian pada masa lampau yang bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca atau pendengar dengan cerita yang tidak lazim atau yang dapat membuat orang tertawa.
Generic Structure of Anecdote
1. Abstract
Pada bagian ini,
penulis akan memulai tulisan dengan mengenalkan sesuatu yang unik atau ganjil
secara singkat sehingga mengundang perhatian pendengar atau pembaca dan membuat
penasaran bagaimana itu bisa terjadi. Biasanya – walaupun tidak mutlak –
penulis akan memulainya dengan mengajukan sebuah pertanyaan.
2. Orientation
Setelah mampu membuat
pendengar atau pembaca penasaran, kemudian penulis akan mulai dengan
memperkenalkan setting tempat, pelaku, waktu dari sebuah cerita. Bagian ini
memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti pada Narration Text.
3. Crisis
Bagian ketiga generic
structure dari anecdote text adalah Crisis. Setelah pada bagian abstrack
penulis menceritakan hal unik secara singkat, pada bagian inilah kemudian
penulis mempertegas keunikan dan keganjilan yang terjadi sehingga grafik
curiosity (penasaran) pembaca mengalami peningkatan.
4. Reaction atau
Incident
Pada bagian inilah
penulis mengakhiri rasa penasaran akan hal ganjil atau unik dalam cerita
tersebut dengan menceritakan bagaimana pelaku memecahkan masalah atau
keganjilan yang terjadi. Dan pada bagian inilah biasanya pembaca atau pendengar
mendapatkan pemecahan masalah secara menggelitik atau lucu.
5. Coda
(optional/tidak harus)
Coda adalah kesimpulan
yang bisa ditarik dalam cerita lucu tersebut yang biasanya akan mengundang tawa
pendengar atau pembaca yang lebih besar lagi. Namun bagian generic structure
anecdote text ini tidak selalu ada dalam cerita anecdote.
Language Feature of Anecdote
1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense
example of Anecdote
Text
It is bit difficult to find out some examples of anecdote text. Most texts available over the Internet which are labeled as anecdote just referring to funny story. Meanwhile, in term of text type or text genres, anecdote text is separated to spoof which has main element of funny thing. Actually the point of anecdote is the CODA (hikma), what do the participants learn from the series of event in the story. The following text is good example of anecdote. Take a look!
Snake in the Bathroom
How would you like to find a snake in you bath?
We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided that we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.
Suddenly to my horror, a snake's head appeared in the plug hole. Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.
For an instant I stood there quite paralyzed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom.
Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she'd probably have lean over the bath to get a better look.
We found out later that it was a black mamba, a poisonous kind of snake. It had obviously been fast asleep, curled up at the bottom of the nice warm water-pipe. It must have had an awful shock when the cold water came trickling down! But nothing to the shock I got! Ever since then I've always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.
Announcement
Announcement Text ialah sebuah penberitahuan
tertulis yang ditujukan kepada masyarakat umum/kelompok tertentu yang berisikan
informasi atau berita pemberitahuan
Tujuan Komunikatif Announcement
Teks ini berfungsi menyampaikan informasi
tertentu kepada khalayak
Generic
Structure Announcement
1.The title or type of event
2.Date or time, place
3.Contact person
Short Massages
Short Massages adalah pesan yang dibuat
karena kita tidak bisa bertemu langsung pada si penerima surat
Tujuan Komunikatif Short Massages
Menyampaikan sesuatu kepada orang lain agar
orang tersebut melakukan sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu.
Advertisement Text
Tujuan teks iklan adalah untuk
mempromosikan (to promote, to advertise, to persuade) jasa atau produk. Iklan
pada umumnya yang sangat membujuk dalam kaitan dengan menarik pembaca itu untuk
membeli produk mereka atau menggunakan jasa mereka.
Dalam rangka menarik pembaca bahasa yang
digunakan iklan seharusnya:
•simple
•clear
•short
•attractive
•persuasive
•using slogan
Greeting Card
Greeting Card adalah text yang berupa kartu ucapan yang
diberikan kepada seseorang pada saat tertentu/mengalami peristiwa tertentu,
Baik peristiwa yang menggebirakan maupun peristiwa yang menyedihkan.
Tujuan Penulisan
a. To congratulate/to wish: untuk
menyelamati
b. To show sympathy: untuk menunjukkan
simpatik/belasungkawa
Invitation
There are several meaning about Invitation:
Invitation is a document, written or printed or spoken words,
conveying the message by which one is invited.
The
act of inviting;
the requesting of a person’s company; as an invitation to a party, dinner, or
to visit a friend.
Invitation is a way to invite someone or more
to go to a place or to do something.
gunakan dengan bijak ya kawan, makasih. jangan lupa bantu share agar blog kami tetap bisa hidup. enjoy it ^_^
Demikianlah Artikel GENRE TEXT bahasa inggris lengkap dengan pengertian, tujuan, dan genericstructure dalam bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris
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